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Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) proliferation is the critical pathological process of in-stent restenosis (ISR). Recent researches indicate that the traditional Chinese medicine curcuma zedoary (E’zhu) can inhibit VSMCs proliferation, with a potential value in preventing and treating ISR. The major ac-tive components of curcuma zedoary are curcuma and β-elemene. The underlying mechanisms involve the inhibition of hemeoxygen-ase-1 expression, blockade of extracellular signal-regulated ki-nase – MAPK and Akt pathways, and subsequent cell cycle ar-rest. This article reviews the recent progress on curcuma zedoary extracts regulating VSMCs proliferation in ISR.
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This study was aimed to optimize the uniform design for effective constituents in water-soluble extractives D, E, F of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in Qi-Xue Bing-Zhi Fang (QXBZF) for the further validation of the ratio of different compatibility. A total of 100 SD rats were used in the study. Among them, 90 rats were given high fat feeding for 7 days. Then, stratified randomization was used. The rats were divided into the all-party group; D, E original prescription group; D, E optimized compatible group; D, E between optimized and original group; D, E optimized but anti-compatibility group; all-party group adding F; optimized compatible group adding F; QXBZF with mainly paeoniflorin accounted for 49.12% as component D, total flavonoids accounted for 30.0% as component E, total acids accounted for 32.07% in component F; the positive drug control group (Xue-Zhi-Kang, 0.108 g/kg); and the high fat model group. In addition, a blank control group (with normal diet) was set. Each group was treated with gastric perfusion according to drug compatibility proportion for 14 days. Rats were sacrificed to take blood samples for the detection of serum lipid, platelet aggregation, vasoactive substance, and inflammation level. The results showed that compared with the model group, the QXBZF D, E original prescription group and D, E optimized compatible group had significant decreasing effects on TC (P< 0.05). The lowest level of TC decreased by optimized compatible group was (3.49 ± 0.86) mmol/L. The all-party group, D, E original prescription group and optimized compatible group can inhibit the platelet with maximum aggregation rate effectively(P< 0.05, P< 0.01); while the D, E optimized but anti-compatibility group (with D, E inverse proportion) had no effect on it. All-party group and the D, E original group adding F had significant inhibition on IL-6 and IL-8 (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). The D, E original prescription group, D, E optimized compatible group and D, E between optimized and original group can ascend 6-Keto-PGF1α significantly (P< 0.05). ET-1 was decreased in the D, E optimized compatible group (P< 0.05). Other groups had no obvious effect on vascular active substances. It was concluded that different effects between the QXBZF D, E original prescription group and the D, E optimized compatible group were observed in action segment and strength. When F parts added, inhibitions of inflammation levels were enhanced at certain level.
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AIM:To study the effect of Panax quinquefolium saponin (PQS) on cardiomyocyte apoptosis in-duced by thapsigargin ( TG) .METHODS:Primary cultured cardiomyocytes from neonatal SD rats were divided into con-trol group, TG group, PQS (40 mg/L, 80 mg/L and 160 mg/L) +TG group, si-PERK+TG group, and mock+TG group.The cells were treated with 1 μmol/L TG for 24 h to induce apoptosis.The PERK gene in the cardiomyocytes was knocked down by RNAi.The cell viability was detected by CCK-8 assay.Apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry.Wes-tern blotting was used to determine the expression of ERS molecules GRP78, CRT, ATF4 and CHOP, anti-apoptosis pro-tein Bcl-2 and pro-apoptosis protein Bax.RESULTS: Compared with control group, TG significantly and the apoptosis, reduced the cell viability (P<0.05), increased the phosphorylation of PERK and eIF2α, increased the expression of GRP78, CRT, ATF4, CHOP and pro-apoptosis protein Bax, and decreased the expression of anti-apoptosis protein Bcl-2 (P<0.05).Compared with TG group, PQS treatment (160 mg/L) significantly reduced the apoptosis and increased the cell viability (P<0.05).All the 3 different concentrations of PQS significantly increased the expression of anti-apoptosis protein Bcl-2 and reduced the expression of pro-apoptosis protein Bax (P<0.05) in a dose-dependent manner.PQS pre-treatment and knockdown of PERK both reduced the protein levels of GRP78, CRT, PERK, p-PERK, eIF2α, p-eIF2α, ATF4, CHOP and pro-apoptosis protein Bax, and increased the expression of anti-apoptosis protein Bcl-2 (P<0.05). CONCLUSION:PQS at concentration of 160 mg/L attenuated cardiomyocyte apoptosis induced by TG.PQS had the simi-lar effect as PERK knockdown on cardiomyocyte apoptosis.The mechanism may be associated with inhibiting PERK-eIF2α-ATF4-CHOP pathway of ERS-related apoptosis.
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AIM:To investigate whether mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm ) and the mitochondrial ap-optotic pathway are involved in the protective mechanism of Panax quinquefolium saponin ( PQS) against cardiomyocyte ap-optosis after ischemia/reperfusion ( I/R) injury in rat myocardium .METHODS: Ninety healthy male SD rats were ran-domly divided into sham group , I/R group, PQS (200 mg· kg -1 · d-1 ) +I/R group, cyclosporine A ( CsA) group, CsA (10 mg· kg-1 ) +I/R group and PQS +CsA +I/R group.The model of myocardial I/R injury in vivo was established by ligating the left anterior descending artery ( LAD) for 30 min followed by 120 min of reperfusion in the rats .The serum ac-tivity of lactate dehydrogenase ( LDH ) was measured by automatic chemistry analyzer .The myocardial infarct size was measured by Evans blue and 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining.Cardiomyocyte apoptosis was detected by in situ TDT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL).The protein levels of Bcl-2, Bax, cleaved caspase-3 and cytosol-ic cytochrome C were determined by Western blotting .ΔΨm was measured by laser scanning confocal microscopy and fluo-rescence microplate reader .RESULTS:Compared with I/R group, the serum content of LDH ,the infarction size in PQS+I/R group, CsA+I/R group and PQS +CsA+I/R group and the myocardial apoptotic index were decreased .Compared with I/R group, the fluorescence intensity of mitochondria after JC-1 staining was enhanced in PQS +I/R group, CsA+I/R group and PQS+CsA+I/R group, and the relative fluorescence units (RFU) ofΔΨm were improved in those 3 groups. In PQS+I/R group, CsA+I/R group and PQS+CsA+I/R group, the protein expression of Bcl-2 was increased, and that of Bax was decreased compared with I/R group.Moreover, in those 3 groups, the protein levels of cleaved-caspase-3 and cytosolic cytochrome C were decreased compared to I /R group, respectively.CONCLUSION:PQS attenuates myocardial injury and cardiomyocyte apoptosis during I /R, and the protective mechanisms of PQS were associated with the modulation ofΔΨm and the inhibition of mitochondrial apoptosis pathway .
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This experiment was designed to search and identify the active principle as well as the optimal proportion of water-soluble extractives of traditional Chinese medicine (water-soluble extractives) Liqi Huoxue medicinals com-patibility (Qixue Bingzhi Fang-CWQB) in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis (As) by optimal uniform design method. The water-soluble extractives of CWQB were divided into 6 sections (A, B, C, D, E, F) through macroporous resin. The effect intensity and step of every component were compared through its effect on blood fat level, platelet aggregation, inflammatory factors, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and so on among hyper-lipoidemia rat models. The pharmacological experimental results and statistical analysis showed that CWQB water-soluble extractives of component D (mainly is paeoniflorin, accounted for 49.12%), component E (mainly is total flavonoids, accounted for 30.0%) compatibility had better effects on decreasing blood fat and triglyceride (TG). Com-pared with the model group, there was significant difference (P < 0.01). It also had inhibiting effect on endothelin (ET) and maximum platelet aggregation rate (P < 0.01). The component F (mainly is total acids, accounted for 32.7%) had inhibiting effect on serum IL-6 and IL-8 (P< 0.01). It was concluded that different compatibility of wa-ter-soluble extractives of CWQB can be applied to different targets or steps of the body. The active principle extrac-tives include main component of paeoniflorin, flavonoids and total acids. The best proportion is about 1:1:1.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To separate and characterize aqueous extracts of Salvia miltiorrhiza and Carthamus tinctorius to efficient, high-throughput and strong polar components, to observe effects of their aqueous effective components compatibility on rat myocardial ischemic reperfusion injury.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Myocardial ischemic reperfusion injury model were established on SD rats by 40 min ligation of the left anterior descending artery and 120 min reperfusion. The rats were injected experimental drugs intravenously from femoral vein after 10 min ischemia. Rats were randomly divided into sham group (the suture around the left anterior descending coronary artery was not tied), model group, Danhong injection group (content of protocatechualdehyde is 0.05 g x L(-1), injection dosage equivalent to 1.80 g x kg(-1)), aqueous effective component of S. miltiorrhiza group (content of salvianolic acid B is 49 g x L(-1), injection dosage equivalent to 30.68 g x kg(-1)), aqueous effective component of S. miltiorrhiza group (content of hydroxysafflor yellow A is 31.76 g x L(-1), injection dosage equivalent to 17.87 g x kg(-1)), aqueous effective components compatibility of S. miltiorrhizae and C. tinctorius group (injection dosage is respectively 24.28 g x kg(-1) and 48.55 g x kg(-1)), each group have ten rats. Drugs were diluted with an equal dose of normal saline. The rats of sham group and model group were injected equivalent dosage of saline. The myocardial infarction size and the contents of serum cTnT and CK-MB were detected. The level of TXB2, 6-keto-PGF(1alpha) and platelet aggregation in blood plasma were investigated.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Compared with sham group, serum cTnT and CK-MB contents in model group increased significantly (P < 0.01). Compared with model group, myocardial infarction size and serum cTnT and CK-MB contents in aqueous effective component of S. miltiorrhiza group, aqueous effective component of C. tinctorius group and aqueous effective components compatibility of S. miltiorrhiza and C. tinctorius groups decreased significantly. Aqueous effective component of S. miltiorrhiza increased the level of 6-ke-to-PGF(1alpha), as well as decreased content of TXB2 and inhibited platelet aggregation (P < 0.01). Aqueous effective component of C. tinctorius also decreased the content TXB2 (P < 0.01). Improved extent of some detected markers in aqueous effective components compatibility of S. miltiorrhiza and C. tinctorius groups were better than that of Danhong injection group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Effective components compatibility of aqueous extracts from S. miltiorrhiza and C. tinctorius may reduce myocardial infarct size and leakage of myocardial enzyme, and increase the level of 6-keto-PGF1alpha, so as to inhibit platelet aggregation and prevent thrombosis, the result of which is to reduce myocardial ischemic reperfusion injury.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Humans , Male , Rats , Carthamus tinctorius , Chemistry , Disease Models, Animal , Drug Interactions , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Therapeutic Uses , Myocardial Reperfusion Injury , Drug Therapy , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Salvia miltiorrhiza , ChemistryABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate the effects of Chinese herbal drug-containing serum, prepared by administration of Chinese herbal medicine for activating blood (Xiongshao Capsule, XS) or for activating blood and detoxifying (Xiongshao Capsule plus Huanglian Capsule, XSHL) in rats, on cell viability, oxidative damage and apoptosis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL). Methods: Thirty-two rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group, positive control group (simvastatin 1.8 mg/kg), activating blood (XS, 0.135 g/kg) group, and activating blood and detoxifying (XS Capsule 0.135 g/kg and Huanglian Capsule 0.135 g/kg, XSHL) group. Corresponding drugs were continuously administered to the rats for 7 days and then drug-containing serum was harvested 1 hour after the last administration. HUVECs isolated from newborn children by collagenase digestion were stimulated by ox-LDL (100 μg/L) and incubated with corresponding drug-containing serum for 24 hours. Untreated HUVECs were also used as a normal control. The morphology and structure of HUVECs were observed by an inverted microscope. Cell viability was measured by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium method, and cell membrane damage was determined by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage. Activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was examined by spectrophotometry, and content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the cell lysate was examined by thiobarbituric acid assay. HUVECs were stained with Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate and propidium iodide and analyzed on a flow cytometry to determine apoptosis. Results: Compared with the normal HUVECs, the cell viability and the activity of SOD were significantly decreased while the content of MDA and apoptosis rate were significantly increased after 24-hour ox-LDL stimulation (P<0.01, P<0.05). Simvastatin-, XS-, and XSHL-containing serum significantly promoted the ox-LDL-stimulated HUVEC viability and inhibited early apoptosis (P<0.01, P<0.05), while had no significant effect on LDH leakage. Simvastatin-containing serum and XS-containing serum also showed significant decrease in MDA content and increase in SOD activity, while XSHL-containing serum showed no significant effects. There was no significant difference between the XS-containing serum group and the XSHL-containing serum group. Conclusion: Both sera containing XSHL and XS show protective action against the oxidative damage and apoptosis of HUVECs induced by ox-LDL.
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AIM:To investigate the effect of chronic unpredictable mild stress(CUMS) on plasma endothelin,nitric oxide and interleukin-6,high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP) in rats after acute myocardial infarction(AMI).METHODS:After the rats of myocardial infarction(MI) were established,the animals were treated under the condition of CUMS for 4 weeks,then the contents of plasma(or serum) endothelin,nitric oxide,interleukin-6 and hs-CRP were measured and data were analyzed by two factor factorial analysis. RESULTS:The results of factorial analysis showed:MI alone had no significantly effect on the level of nitric oxide(P>0.05),but CUMS had significantly effect on increasing the level of nitric oxide(P<0.01). The CUMS had significantly interaction with MI on increasing the level of nitric oxide(P<0.01). Both MI and CUMS increased the level of hs-CRP(all P<0.01). However,no interaction was discovered between MI and CUMS(P>0.05). Both MI and CUMS had no effect on the level of ET-1 and IL-6(P>0.05).CONCLUSION:CUMS increases nitric oxide content and has cooperative effect with MI on increasing NO,both MI and CUMS significantly increase the level of CRP,but have no effect on the level of ET-1 or IL-6,suggesting that the abnormal increase in nitric oxide and hs-CRP contents may be the important pathophysiological changes of post-MI depression.
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To analyze the relationships among syndrome, therapeutic method and Chinese herbal medicine in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD).
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Objective: To study the correlation of blood stasis syndrome or its accompanied syndromes with Gensini score in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) in stable condition. Methods: The syndrome types of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and blood stasis score in 131 CHD patients confirmed by coronary angiography were recorded. Gensini score was calculated according to the coronary pathological characteristics showed by angiography. The correlations of blood stasis syndrome and its accompanied syndromes with coronary lesion and Gensini score were analyzed. Results: Among the TCM syndrome types, blood stasis, turbid phlegm and qi deficiency were the most common syndromes, revealed in 85 patients (64.9%), 83 patients (63.4%) and 85 patients (64.9%), respectively. The coronary lesion length and Gensini score in the patients with blood stasis syndrome were much higher than those in the patients with non-blood stasis syndrome (P<0.05 or P<0.01). In the subtypes of blood stasis, the coronary lesion length and Gensini score in the patients with blood stasis accompanied by turbid phlegm syndrome were higher than those in the patients with non-blood stasis syndrome (P<0.05). And in the patients whose blood stasis syndrome score was more than 9 points, the coronary lesion length was higher than that in the patients whose blood stasis syndrome score was less than 9 points (P<0.05). Besides, with bivariate analysis, the blood stasis syndrome score showed no correlation with Gensini score (Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.104, P=0.241). Conclusion: Blood stasis syndrome is the most common TCM syndrome in CHD patients in stable condition. The blood stasis syndrome score is proportional to coronary lesion length, and reflects the severity of coronary lesion.
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Objective: To observe the effects of Chinese patent medicines with the function of replenishing qi to activate blood (RQAB) plus ischemic postconditioning (IPoC) in protecting myocardium of rats from ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, and to explore the possible mechanisms. Methods: Seventy-five Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham-operated group (the suture was penetrated around the left anterior descending coronary artery, but not tied, n=15), I/R group (30 minutes of in situ transient occlusion of the left anterior descending artery, followed by 1 hour of reperfusion, n=15), IPoC group (30 minutes occlusion of the left anterior descending artery, followed by 3 cycles of 10 s of reperfusion/10 s of ischemia before 1-hour reperfusion, n=15), RQAB plus IPoC group (pretreated with 0.162 g/kg Xinyue Capsule and 0.135 g/kg Xiongshao Capsule for 14 days, and treated with IPoC 2 h after the final gavage, n=15), fosinopril sodium plus IPoC group (pretreated with fosinopril sodium, 0.9 mg/kg, n=15). Serum creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) activity and cardiac troponin T (cTnT) level were detected; myocardial infarction size was measured by nitrotetrazolium blue chloride staining; Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and TLR4 in myocardial tissue were examined by immunohistochemical method; interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in myocardial tissue were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay. Results: Compared with the I/R group, myocardial enzymes and infarction size were decreased significantly in the IPoC group (P<0.01); expressions of TLR2 and TLR4 and levels of IL-1beta and IL-6 in myocardial tissues were also significantly lower than those in the I/R group (P<0.05). Compared with the fosinopril sodium plus IPoC group, expressions of TLR2 and TLR4 were decreased significantly in the RQAB plus IPoC group (P<0.05, P<0.01). Compared with IPoC, RQAB plus IPoC reduced the infarction size and the release of myocardial enzyme CK-MB (P<0.01), and decreased the expressions of TLR2 and TLR4 and the levels of IL-1beta and IL-6 (P<0.05, P<0.01) in myocardial tissues. Conclusion: Pretreatment with Chinese herbs for nourishing qi and activating blood circulation can enhance the protective effect of IPoC on rat myocardial I/R injury, and its mechanism may be related to inhibition of TLR expression and expressions of the downstream proinflammatory cytokines.
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According to the basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), the pathogenetic factors such as platelet activation, adhesion, congregation and thrombosis fall into the category of blood stasis, while the pathological changes such as tissue necrosis, oxidative stress injury and inflammation, etc, are far beyond the etiological category of blood stasis. The toxin or the combination and transformation of toxin and blood stasis of TCM are involved in the pathogenesis of thrombotic cerebro-cardiovascular diseases. It is significant to recognize and stress the combination and transformation of toxin and stasis in pathogenicity so as to enrich TCM etiology and improve TCM clinical efficacy in the treatment of cerebro-cardiovascular and thrombotic diseases.
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To evaluate the clinical effects of Shengmai Injection in treating coronary heart disease (CHD) based on correct syndrome differentiation and incorrect syndrome differentiation.
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OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether the water extractives of regulating qi and blood prescription (WQBP) had effects on early atherosclerosis of apolipoprotein E-deficient mice (ApoE-mice) at the age of 19 weeks or not, and to explore the possible mechanisms. METHODS: Forty ApoE-mice, six weeks of age, were given high-fat diet and randomly divided into four groups: high-dose WQBP-treated group (360 mg/kg), low-dose WQBP-treated group (72 mg/kg), simvastatin-treated group (25 mg/kg) and untreated group, with ten mice in each group. Meanwhile, ten C57BL/6 mice of same genetic background were allocated to normal control group. Mice in the high- and low-dose WQBP-treated groups and simvastatin-treated group were administered with corresponding drugs from the 15 to 19 weeks. Mice in the untreated and normal control groups were administered with isovolumic water. Sacrificed at 19 weeks, the level of blood-lipid, the plaque construction, plaque integral, and the contents of plaque macrophages and vessel smooth muscle cells of the mice were analyzed by immunohistochemical method and a computer picture processing system. RESULTS: Compared to the untreated group, high-dose WQBP group could obviously decrease the level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Simvastatin group could decrease the levels of LDL-C and total cholesterol (TC) (P<0.01). In high-dose WQBP-treated group and simvastatin-treated group, the thickness of fiber cap and the quantities of vessel smooth muscle cells increased (P<0.05), the quantities of plaque macrophages and the ratio of lipid and plaque reduced (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: WQBP and simvastatin can interfere in early atherosclerosis of ApoE-mice, attenuate and stabilize plaque in some extent. The mechanisms may include adjusting blood lipid, decreasing macrophage number and increasing the quantities of vessel smooth muscle cells.
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To observe the effects of paeoniflorin and total flavones extracted from Qixue Bingzhi Recipe on proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) cultured in endothelial cell conditioned medium (EC-CM) induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) and the expressions of platelet-derived growth factor and its receptor genes.
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OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of ginseng fruit saponins (GFS) on insulin sensitivity index in high fat-fed rats. METHODS: An animal model of insulin resistance was established by injecting low dose of streptozotocin (STZ) in high fat-fed rats. Effect of GFS on insulin sensitivity was detected with glucose infusion rate (GIR) by euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp technique. RESULTS: The level of fasting blood glucose and insulin in untreated group increased more significantly than that in normal control group (P<0.05, P<0.01), while the index of GIR decreased significantly (P<0.01). As compared with the untreated groupìthe parameters of GFS-treated groups were improved significantly in a dosage-dependent manner (P<0.05, P<0.01). CONCLUSION: GFS can improve experimental insulin resistance in rats.
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Objective To investigate the effects of gross saponins from Tribulus terrestris L (GSTT) on myocardial apoptosis, and its related gene bcl-2 and bax expression after hypoxia/reoxygenation in cultured myocardial cells of neonatal rat. Methods After myocardial hypoxia/ reoxygenation model was established by culturing primary myocardial cell of neonatal rat in vivo. The myocardial cells were divided into four groups, the sham-operated group, model group, large- and low-dose of GSTT groups. The apoptotic rate of myocardial cells was determined by flow cytometry, and the expression of bcl-2 and bax was detected by using immuno-histochemical method. Results Both large- and low- dose of GSTT could significantly decrease the apoptotic rate (P
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Objective To investigate the effect of GSTT on the release of inflammatory molecules such as TNF-? and IL-1? in rats after ischemia/reperfusion injury. Methods An in vivo model of myocardial ischemia 45min followed by 2h reperfusion was made by reversibly ligating coronary left descending artery. 32 Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were divided randomly to 4 groups, ie: sham-operated group, model group, large and dosage of GSTT. TNF-? and IL-1? concentrations were examined by radioimmunoassay. Results Compared with model group, large dosage of GSTT significantly decreased the contents of TNF-? and IL-1?(P
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Objective To observe the effect of drug pairs of extracts from Rhizoma Chuanxiong(RC)and Radix Paeoniae Rubra(RPR)in different proportions on promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis in rats and to find the optimal proportion between the two extracts.Methods The Wistar rat models of blood stasis were established by injection of adrenalin.The changes of the platelet aggregation and adhesiveness and erythrocyte aggregation were observed.Results Blood vessel contraction increased,the platelet aggregation and erythrocyte aggregation increased,erythrocyte deformation occurred and the blood viscosity increased in the model rats.The drug pairs could reduce blood viscosity,ameliorate erythrocyte ability of deformation,reduce erythrocyte aggregation and inhibit platelet aggregation.The effects were obvious especially in the groups of RC and RPR in the proportions of 0.45 g to 0.45 g,0.21 g to 0.45 g.Conclusion The drug couples from RC and RPR in different proportions could improve the blood rheology,the effect being obvious in the groups of RC and RPR in the proportions of 0.45 g to 0.45 g,0.21 g to 0.45 g.
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Cases with coronary heart disease after successful PTCA were selected for observation of the preventive' action of CXZP on restenosis of the vessel. Results revealed that (1) In the western medicine group 15 cases experienced recurrent angina pectoris. Among them, 12 cases received repeated angiography, 11 of them were confirmed to have restenosis while the 3 other cases were positive in ECG exercise treadmill test. No obvious changes were observed in stasis integration before and after treatment (P